def pi(N):
    ' 计算pi的值 '
    # step 1: 创建一个奇数序列: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, ...
    oddNumber = itertools.count(1,step=2)
    # step 2: 取该序列的前N项: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, ..., 2*N-1.
    subOnes = itertools.takewhile(lambda x:x<=2*N-1,oddNumber)
    # step 3: 添加正负符号并用4除: 4/1, -4/3, 4/5, -4/7, 4/9, ...
    # step 4: 求和:
    sum = 0
    dividend = 4.0
    for n in subOnes:
        sum += dividend/n
        dividend = dividend * -1
    return sum