def pi(N):
    ' 计算pi的值 '
    # step 1: 创建一个奇数序列: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, ...
    odds = filter(lambda x: x%2, itertools.count(1))
    # step 2: 取该序列的前N项: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, ..., 2*N-1.
    odds = itertools.takewhile(lambda x:x <= 2*N-1, odds) 
    # step 3: 添加正负符号并用4除: 4/1, -4/3, 4/5, -4/7, 4/9, ...
    odds = map(lambda x: -4/x if x//2%2 else 4/x, odds)
    # step 4: 求和:
    return sum(odds)