第一题

db = {
    'michael': 'e10adc3949ba59abbe56e057f20f883e',
    'bob': '878ef96e86145580c38c87f0410ad153',
    'alice': '99b1c2188db85afee403b1536010c2c9'
}


import hashlib

def calc_md5(password):
    return hashlib.md5(password.encode('utf-8')).hexdigest()

def login(user, password):
    if user not in db:
        return False
    return db[user]==calc_md5(password)     


# 测试:
assert login('michael', '123456')
assert login('bob', 'abc999')
assert login('alice', 'alice2008')
assert not login('michael', '1234567')
assert not login('bob', '123456')
assert not login('alice', 'Alice2008')
print('ok')

第二题

import hashlib, random

def get_md5(s):
    return hashlib.md5(s.encode('utf-8')).hexdigest()

class User(object):
    def __init__(self, username, password):
        self.username = username
        self.salt = ''.join([chr(random.randint(48, 122)) for i in range(20)])
        self.password = get_md5(password + self.salt)
db = {
    'michael': User('michael', '123456'),
    'bob': User('bob', 'abc999'),
    'alice': User('alice', 'alice2008')
}

def login(username, password):
    user = db[username]
    return user.password == get_md5(password + user.salt)  #原先return user.password == get_md5(password)


# 测试:
assert login('michael', '123456')
assert login('bob', 'abc999')
assert login('alice', 'alice2008')
assert not login('michael', '1234567')
assert not login('bob', '123456')
assert not login('alice', 'Alice2008')
print('ok')